Hematological and Micronutrient Profile among Sudanese Schoolchildren in Egypt and Sudan

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies are among the common health problems of school-age children worldwide, affecting physical growth and academic performance. The Sudanese conflict has displaced large numbers of families to neighboring countries, with substantial changes in living conditions and diet. This study compared the hematological and micronutrient profiles of Sudanese schoolchildren in Egypt and Sudan.

METHODS

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between May and July 2025 in one school in Giza, Egypt, and one in Karrari, Khartoum. Of 224 targeted students, 120 were assessed (70 Egypt, 50 Sudan; response rate 53.6%). Complete blood count was performed on a Sysmex KX-21, thin films were examined microscopically, and serum iron and vitamin B12 were measured on an AutoLumo A1000. Groups were compared by independent-samples t-test and re-analyzed by ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates.

RESULTS

Unadjusted differences were significant for MCH (p = 0.020), RDW (p = 0.003), platelet count (p < 0.001), total WBC (p = 0.045), lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and serum iron (all p < 0.001). Hemoglobin, MCV, MCHC, neutrophils and vitamin B12 did not differ. After adjustment for age and gender, all retained significance except MCH (adjusted p = 0.080) and total WBC (adjusted p = 0.056). Blood films showed no significant morphological changes in either group.

CONCLUSION

The two groups differed in several hematological and micronutrient parameters, most differences persisting after adjustment. Overt anemia was not prevalent in either group. The findings support regular hematological screening of displaced Sudanese children.