The Sudan Journal of Health Sciences is committed to the highest standards of publication ethics. The following requirements apply to all submissions.

Research Ethics Approval

Research involving human or animal subjects must carry approval from the relevant ethics committee, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and local legal requirements. A statement of informed consent is required where applicable. The approval reference number and date must be stated explicitly in the manuscript.

Originality and Misconduct

Manuscripts are checked for originality. Plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, and redundant or duplicate publication are grounds for rejection. Where misconduct is identified after publication, the journal will issue a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction as appropriate.

Authorship

All listed authors must have made a substantive contribution to the work and must have approved the submitted version. Each author’s contribution should be stated using the CRediT taxonomy. An ORCID iD is required for the corresponding author and encouraged for all co-authors. Changes to the author list after submission require the written agreement of all authors.

Third-Party Material and Consent

Before submission, authors must obtain permission for any third-party materials (photographs, figures, datasets) and ensure that all co-authors consent to inclusion.

Conflicts of Interest and Funding

Authors must disclose any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest and all sources of funding in the designated sections of the manuscript. Reviewers and editors must likewise declare conflicts and withdraw from handling a manuscript where one exists.

Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools

Minimal use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in preparing a manuscript is permitted only if it is clearly and fully disclosed. Authors must disclose the name of any AI tool used, the purpose of its use (for example, language editing or formatting), and where it was applied — stated explicitly in the Methods section.

Failure to disclose AI use is considered a breach of publication ethics. AI tools must not be listed as authors, and the authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, integrity and originality of all content, including any AI-assisted material.

Data Availability

Authors must state how the underlying data may be accessed. The journal encourages deposition of data in a public repository wherever ethical and legal constraints allow.

Corrections and Retractions

Errors identified after publication should be reported to sjhs@fajr.edu.sd. The journal will publish a correction notice linked to the original article, or retract the article where the findings are no longer reliable. Retracted articles remain online, clearly marked as retracted, so that the scholarly record is preserved.