Determinants of Homeless Children in Khartoum City, Sudan

Abstract

Background: The issue of homeless street children in Sudan is a growing crisis that remains unresolved. This study assesses the situation of homeless children in Khartoum City during 2018, focusing on the determinants of the affected children, and their health consequences. This study aims to spotlight this vulnerable group, assess their conditions, and provide recommendations to mitigate the problem.

Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that included 156 homeless children aged 6–18 years, based on the United Nations definition of homelessness, which encompasses absolute homelessness (those without physical shelter) and relative homelessness (those with inadequate shelter that fails basic health and safety standards). Data was collected through interviews using an assessment sheet that covered demographics, health access, and Body Mass Index.

Results: Economic reasons emerged as the primary cause of homelessness (70%), followed by external factors like war, family issues, and city attraction. Demographically, 70% of the children were male, with a mean age of 12 years, mostly originating from Kordofan, Al-Jazeera, and Khartoum States. While 57% had a basic education, 29% were illiterate. Although most children lived with their families, 6% lived alone. They engaged in informal jobs such as car washing, street vending, and other freelance activities.

The health assessment revealed that 75% of these children were underweight. Most had access to healthcare, when necessary, though some reported being denied help.

Conclusion: Homelessness among children in Sudan is largely driven by financial hardship, forcing many into child labor. These children face significant educational and health challenges, reflecting the need for urgent interventions to address this crisis.